Pregnancy profoundly transforms a woman’s body, and this includes her oral health, which is often overlooked but essential to monitor.

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause nausea, gastroesophageal reflux, and vomiting, which increase acidity in the mouth. This acidity weakens tooth enamel, making it more vulnerable to cavities.

In addition, increased appetite, frequent snacking, and cravings, often for sweets, disrupt oral balance. Combined with increased blood volume and more intense circulation, these factors promote the development of cavities and pregnancy gingivitis, a common inflammation of the gums in pregnant women.

Teeth and pregnancy: myths and realities

There are many misconceptions about dental care during pregnancy. It is important to take stock of the situation based on both best practice recommendations and the practical expertise of dental professionals.

Calcium intake

Contrary to popular belief, insufficient calcium intake does not cause the mother’s teeth to fall out or decalcify. In the event of a deficiency, the mother’s bones provide the necessary calcium. However, this can weaken the mother’s bone health. Hence the importance of a sufficient daily calcium intake to support both the mother and the baby’s bone and tooth development, without compromising the mother’s reserves.

Safe dental care

There are no formal contraindications to dental care during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, certain precautions are taken depending on the situation: choice of appropriate local anesthesia, compatible antibiotics, etc.

The professional assesses the relevance of each procedure based on the patient’s state of health and the urgency of the treatment. All care—including root canal treatments—can be performed safely, as long as the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks.

Dental care and fillings: what you need to know

It is perfectly safe to perform a dental filling on a pregnant woman, provided certain precautions are taken:

X-rays: only if necessary

• Routine dental X-rays should be avoided during pregnancy, except in emergencies.
• Modern digital technologies greatly reduce radiation exposure.
• A lead apron is always used to protect the fetus.
• The first trimester is particularly sensitive due to the rapid development of the embryo, so it is recommended to avoid X-rays during this period.

Materials used: mercury-free

• Fillings containing mercury (dental amalgams) are not recommended during pregnancy.
• Mercury can circulate in the body and reach the fetus.
• Health Canada recommends the use of metal-free composite materials for pregnant women.

Replacement of fillings

• Preventive replacement of mercury fillings is not recommended during pregnancy, unless there is a specific problem.

Anesthesia and antibiotics

• Local anesthesia is safe for both mother and child.
• Certain antibiotics can be used safely to treat oral infections, with the dentist choosing the appropriate one depending on the stage of pregnancy.

When to seek treatment?

The second trimester is the most favorable period, as it avoids:

• Frequent nausea in the first trimester
• Discomfort associated with prolonged lying down in the third trimester (risk of low blood pressure or vasovagal syncope)
• Difficulties getting comfortable in the dental chair
• Stress, which in rare cases could increase the risk of premature contractions

Oral hygiene: essential vigilance

Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial for the health of both mother and baby.

Dental plaque, composed of bacteria, can cause local inflammation and also have a systemic impact. Certain bacteria can enter the bloodstream, cross the placenta, and stimulate the production of prostaglandins, hormones involved in triggering uterine contractions.

Poor oral hygiene can therefore increase the risk of premature labor and low birth weight.

Pregnancy gingivitis: a common but preventable phenomenon

More than 50% of pregnant women experience gingivitis between the third and ninth months. This inflammation of the gums manifests itself as red, swollen, sensitive, and easily bleeding tissue. It is caused by the accumulation of dental plaque, aggravated by hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that make the gums more sensitive.

Although gingivitis tends to disappear after childbirth, severe cases can lead to permanent damage. Increased frequency of meals, sugary snacks, and dietary changes can aggravate inflammation.

Practical tips for good oral health

Here are our expert Simon’s recommendations:

• Eat a balanced diet: focus on foods rich in calcium, vitamins A, C, D, and protein to support your baby’s bone and tooth development. Limit sugars and simple carbohydrates.
• Brush your teeth after every meal with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss daily to remove plaque between your teeth and along the gum line.
• Clean all tooth surfaces, including hard-to-reach areas.
• If you vomit, rinse your mouth with water or a mixture of water and baking soda to neutralize the acidity. Avoid brushing immediately.
• Use a fluoride mouthwash as needed to strengthen enamel protection.
• Make an appointment with your dentist before 16 weeks of pregnancy for an evaluation, cleaning, and scaling.
• Schedule non-urgent dental treatments during the second trimester, which is the ideal time for comfort and safety.
• Avoid fluoride supplements: they are not recommended during pregnancy. Over-the-counter fluoride toothpastes are sufficient.
• Do not use teeth whitening products during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
• Postpone non-essential treatments (implants, orthodontics) if they have not yet been started.

Follow-up after childbirth and during breastfeeding

• Schedule a dental check-up within six months of giving birth, especially if certain treatments have been postponed.
• Breastfeeding is not a contraindication to dental care, which remains safe.
  Tip: Pump your milk before a dental appointment involving local anesthesia so you can feed your baby for the next 24 hours.

Conclusion

Good oral hygiene, regular checkups with your dentist, and healthy eating habits are essential for maintaining your dental health and that of your baby during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Don’t hesitate to ask your dental professional any questions you may have.

Marie Fortier
The baby expert

This article was written in partnership with Dr. Simon Roy, dental surgeon.

Reviewed by Christine Thibault, dental hygienist and lecturer, May 2025.

Updated: May 2025.

References :

• Chez le dentiste. (s. d.). Aller chez le dentiste pendant la grossesse. Repéré le 6 mai 2025, à https://chezledentiste.ca/blogue/aller-chez-le-dentiste-pendant-la-grossesse/

• Gouvernement du Canada. (s. d.). Santé buccodentaire et grossesse. Repéré le 6 mai 2025, à https://www.canada.ca/fr/sante-publique/services/grossesse/sante-buccodentaire-et-grossesse.html

• Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ). (s. d.). Soins dentaires. Dans Mieux vivre avec notre enfant de la grossesse à deux ans. Repéré le 6 mai 2025, à https://www.inspq.qc.ca/mieux-vivre/grossesse/suivi-grossesse/autres-soins-sante#:~:text=Vous%20pouvez%20consulter%20un%20dentiste,non%20urgents%20apr%C3%A8s%20l’accouchement

• Ma bouche, ma santé. (s. d.). La santé buccodentaire et la grossesse. Repéré le 6 mai 2025, à https://www.maboucheensante.com/article/grossesse/