Are nights suddenly more restless? Is your baby becoming moody during the day? They may well be starting to teethe—a period that is often difficult for both them and their parents.

Although some children go through this phase without too much discomfort, the majority will show clear signs of discomfort.

At what age do the first teeth appear?

On average, the first baby teeth erupt between 5 and 6 months, but it is not uncommon for this stage to be delayed by a few months in some babies.

How can you recognize teething?

The symptoms associated with teething can easily be confused with those of an illness. Here are the most common signs:

• Hypersalivation: baby drools much more than usual;
• Irritability: becomes grumpy, moody, restless;
• Tendency to touch ears: tooth pain can radiate to the ears, which sometimes causes parents to worry unnecessarily (suspicion of ear infection);
• Moderate fever: some teething episodes are accompanied by a spike in temperature, usually below 101.3°F (rectal). If higher, the fever is rarely caused by teething alone and should be evaluated by a doctor.
• Red cheeks: due to acidity and a slight rise in body temperature;
• Red buttocks: also related to higher acidity in the digestive system;
• Occasional diarrhea: which can increase skin irritation on the buttocks;
• Swollen and sensitive gums: you can sometimes feel the tips of the teeth under the surface by running a clean finger over them;
• Small dark bumps on the gums: often a sign that a tooth is about to erupt;
• Need to chew: to relieve discomfort, babies put everything they can into their mouths;
• Changes in sleep and eating patterns: this period can temporarily disrupt their routines, which in turn affects yours.

When should you consult a doctor?

If your baby’s general condition does not improve despite your efforts, or if the symptoms intensify and persist for several days, it is best to consult a healthcare professional. Trust yourself: you are the person who knows your child best.

How can you relieve teething pain?

Every baby reacts differently to teething. The symptoms, although sometimes uncomfortable, are generally not alarming. Here are some non-pharmacological approaches to soothe discomfort as soon as the first signs appear, to be adapted according to the symptoms and age of the child.

Non-pharmacological solutions

To soothe gums

• Cold washcloth: Use a clean washcloth dampened with cool water and gently rub the gums with your finger. You can also chill it in the freezer for a few minutes for added relief.
• Soft-bristled toothbrush: Used gently, it can massage the gums and provide localized relief. Choose a model that is suitable for your baby’s age, fluoride-free, and supervise its use at all times.
• Teething rings: Be careful, not all of them are suitable. Choose soft rubber models that are safe to chew on. They can be cooled in the refrigerator for a soothing effect, but never placed in the freezer, as this can cause excessive cold that may irritate the mucous membranes. Avoid harder rings or those containing liquid. The ring must be the appropriate size so that it does not fit entirely into your baby’s mouth.
• Silicone teething items: Smooth, safe, and washable silicone teething necklaces or bracelets provide a surface for your baby to chew on.
• Cold foods (for older babies): Homemade smoothies turned into popsicles can both nourish and soothe thanks to the cold contact with the gums.
• Natural products: Some preparations made from catnip and fennel are known to reduce inflammation associated with teething.
• Homeopathic remedies: Although their effectiveness varies from child to child, some parents see improvement with these solutions.

Relieving diaper rash

If your baby develops severe irritation on their bottom, apply a paste with a high zinc content. It forms a protective barrier that helps prevent irritation caused by the acidity of the stool.

Pharmacological solutions

During more intense episodes, certain medications can be used on an ad hoc basis to relieve pain.

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol for babies): can be administered occasionally, following the dosage based on the child’s weight (preferably) or, if not available, based on their age. It is essential to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for safe use.
• Ibuprofen (Advil for babies): should not be used before 6 months of age. It also acts as a pain reliever, but its anti-inflammatory effect is only significant if taken regularly over a short period of time. Always follow the administration guidelines carefully.

If in doubt, don’t hesitate to ask your pharmacist for advice. They can guide you on the right product to use at the right time, depending on your baby’s age and health.

Safe use of homeopathic products

Homeopathic products can be used in conjunction with conventional medications without risk of interaction. For example, the combination of Camilia and Tylenol is safe in the context of teething.

Although their effectiveness has not been scientifically proven, many parents choose to use them based on their beliefs. These products are generally safe for babies, provided they carry a Natural Health Product (NHP) number issued by Health Canada, which guarantees that they comply with current manufacturing standards.

Products to avoid during teething

Certain popular practices or products are not recommended because they are ineffective or pose a safety risk to babies:

• Hazel necklaces: strongly discouraged by health authorities. Incidents have been reported where beads have come loose, posing a choking hazard. In addition, their effectiveness has not been scientifically proven.
• Anesthetic gels (e.g., Orajel): These products can be dangerous because babies may swallow them. They numb the nerves in the mouth and can alter the swallowing reflex, which is particularly concerning in young children.
• Commercial teething biscuits: often made with sugary ingredients that are unsuitable for babies, they can contribute to early tooth decay.
• Raw fruits and vegetables to chew on: although they can relieve gum pain, their use carries a real risk of choking. They should only be offered under close and constant supervision.

Going further: thinking about overall dental health

The MSSS (2022) update on oral health in young children recommends a first visit to the dentist between 12 and 18 months of age as a preventive measure against tooth decay. In some cases, fluoride varnish applications may be considered to strengthen enamel protection.

If you have any doubts or concerns about teething symptoms or relief options, don’t hesitate to consult your pharmacist or a healthcare professional.

You can also make an appointment at a clinic or book a private consultation for personalized support.

Marie Fortier
The baby expert

Reviewed by: Christine Thibault, dental hygienist and lecturer, April 2025.

Article updated: April 2025.

References :

• Académie canadienne de dentisterie pédiatrique. (s. d.). Site officiel de l’ACDP. Repéré le 9 avril 2025 à https://www.capd-acdp.org/

• Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine. (2017). Recommandations concernant les suppléments de fluor chez l’enfant. Repéré le 9 avril 2025 à https://www.chusj.org/

• Institut national de santé publique du Québec. (s. d.). Dents de bébé. Repéré le 9 avril 2025 à https://www.inspq.qc.ca/mieux-vivre/sante/bebe-en-sante/dents-bebe

• Ordre des hygiénistes dentaires du Québec. (s. d.). La prévention au 1er rang pour vos petits et grands! [PDF]. Repéré le 9 avril 2025 à https://www.ohdq.com/

• Université de Montréal – CHU Sainte-Justine. (s. d.). ABCdaire – Suivi enfants 0-5 ans. Repéré le 9 avril 2025 à https://enseignement.chusj.org/fr/Formation-continue/ABCdaire/outils-(1)